Justice Sandeep Mehta began his legal practice in the Trial Courts, the High Court, and the Supreme Court of India. Over the course of his career, he served as counsel for three judicial inquiry commissions, which were presided over by both sitting and retired Hon’ble Judges of the High Court.

He played an active role in the legal fraternity of Rajasthan, serving as a Member of the Bar Council of Rajasthan from 2003 to 2009 and again in 2009. He was elected Vice-Chairman of the Bar Council in 2004–2005 and later served as its Chairman in 2010.

Justice Mehta was elevated as an Additional Judge of the Rajasthan High Court on 30 May 2011 and was confirmed as a permanent judge on 6 February 2013.

He took oath as the Chief Justice of the Gauhati High Court on 15 February 2023.

Subsequently, he was elevated to the Supreme Court of India on 9 November 2023.